…by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest : Trauma and injuries : Direct trauma can cause airway injuries, resulting in obstruction. Central nervous…

…various factors such as the cause of cardiac arrest, compression efficacy, ventilation depth and frequency, and adrenaline administration. Therefore, it is advised to use ETCO2…

…without significant ST segment elevations on ECG. NSTE ACS is caused by partial occlusion of the artery (i.e. coronary blood flow is not completely…

…with a subungual haematoma — manage it as an open fracture. The anatomy of the nail apparatus The terminology is hard to follow without a picture…

…into: Complete intolerance: inability to tolerate any dose of any statin. Partial intolerance: inability to tolerate the dose required to achieve the patient’s LDL…

…flow and thus more extensive myocardial ischemia (referred to as transmural ischemia). Yet, the pain caused by NSTEMI and unstable angina is considerable and most…

…reduction as in the table above for rivaroxaban and edoxaban. Check every 6 months 15 30 Dabigatran contraindicated. The other DOACs are possible according to…

…only 3–5 cm and almost straight, but the meatus can be hard to find in older women. Two things separate the safe catheterisation from…

…failure. Cardiogenic shock. Complete transection of a papillary muscle may cause immediately overwhelming MR. Partial rupture, often involving the tip or head of the muscle…

…such as termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is limited. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) The pupillary light reflex (PLR) – the constriction of the pupils in response to…

…that occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, which causes atherothrombosis resulting in partial (incomplete) occlusion of the coronary artery. NSTE ACS results in one of…

…be discussed in later chapters. As for now, it is sufficient to note that the more myocardium supplied by an artery, the greater the ischemic…

…thinning, suggesting a more advanced level of ischemia or partial scarring. Severe defects : Defined by absent tracer uptake, with signal intensity comparable to background activity…

…that occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, which causes atherothrombosis resulting in partial (incomplete) occlusion of the coronary artery. NSTE ACS results in one of…

…occlusion leads to transmural ischemia, affecting a larger portion of the myocardium, thereby intensifying chest pain. In contrast, NSTEMI and UA typically involve partial occlusions…