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Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

CPR Hypoxia and asphyxiation Hypoxia refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at the end of expiration. It provides an integrated…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…Such a thrombus can cause occlusion of the artery. The occlusion may be complete or partial, depending on the size of the thrombus and the…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…a strip of suture material or a drain Ingrown nail, severe or recurrent Partial nail avulsion, often with chemical matrix ablation A nail spicule that…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…any dose of any statin. Partial intolerance: inability to tolerate the dose required to achieve the patient’s LDL C goal. Complete intolerance is uncommon…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…Moreover, the pathophysiology of NSTEMI and unstable angina is very similar: both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary artery occlusions , which implies that there remains…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…valve may require a higher target Doses in venous thromboembolism Treatment doses in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism differ from the atrial fibrillation doses…

Urinary catheterisation

…no urethral catheter may be passed. An attempt can convert a partial rupture into a complete one. Contact the urologist or the surgeon on call…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…pain, pulmonary congestion, a new cardiac murmur, or jugular venous distension in the days after MI should prompt immediate consideration of a mechanical complication. Clinical…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…if some blood flow is maintained (for example, high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation or partial ROSC), the midbrain may receive enough oxygen to preserve some pupillary…

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