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Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

CPR Hypoxia and asphyxiation Hypoxia refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at the end of expiration. It provides an integrated…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…Acute Coronary Syndrome. This category includes all acute coronary syndromes without significant ST segment elevations on ECG. NSTE ACS is caused by partial occlusion of…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…a strip of suture material or a drain Ingrown nail, severe or recurrent Partial nail avulsion, often with chemical matrix ablation A nail spicule that…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…any dose of any statin. Partial intolerance: inability to tolerate the dose required to achieve the patient’s LDL C goal. Complete intolerance is uncommon…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Non ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (NSTE ACS): Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina (UA) The focus…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…dose. Andexanet alfa where available Low molecular weight heparin Protamine has only a partial effect Unfractionated heparin Protamine Antiplatelet agents Platelet transfusion has weak evidence…

Urinary catheterisation

…no urethral catheter may be passed. An attempt can convert a partial rupture into a complete one. Contact the urologist or the surgeon on call…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…Cardiogenic shock. Complete transection of a papillary muscle may cause immediately overwhelming MR. Partial rupture, often involving the tip or head of the muscle, more…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…if some blood flow is maintained (for example, high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation or partial ROSC), the midbrain may receive enough oxygen to preserve some pupillary…

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