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Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…syncope of suspected arrhythmic origin. Assessment of rate control in atrial fibrillation. Suspected paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, including after cryptogenic stroke. Evaluation of antiarrhythmic treatment or…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…major independent risk factor for thromboembolism, including ischaemic stroke. This risk applies across the clinical patterns of AF—paroxysmal, persistent, long standing persistent and permanent…

Digoxin - ECG changes, arrhythmias, conduction defects & treatment

…atrial flutter, and in selected cases of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Due to its profound pro arrhythmic effects and lack of compelling data regarding morbidity and…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…disorders frequently present with presyncope or syncope. Diagnosing transient or paroxysmal AV block in these individuals can be challenging. A high suspicion of intermittent infrahisian…

What is the difference between cardioversion and defibrillation for arrhythmias?

…is used for organized tachyarrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and hemodynamically compromising ventricular tachycardia, while defibrillation (unsynchronized shock) is reserved…

Adenosine for tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT, AVRT, NCT)

…is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), which includes forms that are caused by pre excitation. Myocardial perfusion…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…Paroxysmal atrial flutter. Chronic atrial flutter. The observant will notice that the classification differs slightly from that of atrial fibrillation. Acute and paroxysmal cases are…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia (PSVT) The arrhythmias AVNRT, AVRT (Pre excitation, Wolff Parkinson White syndrome) and ectopic atrial tachycardia have traditionally been referred to as paroxysmal…

ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers

…therapy in this patient category. Prophylaxis and treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients without evidence of structural heart disease. Propafenone is usually not…

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