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Reduction of dislocations

…gravity and slow movement; those that fail usually do so because the patient tenses up with pain, or because the operator pulls harder rather than…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…In particular, it cannot distinguish adipose tissue from lean mass. Waist circumference and the waist to hip ratio provide additional information about visceral adiposity and…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…may be described as pain, aching, cramping, numbness or fatigue. The symptomatic territory is usually distal to the arterial obstruction: Buttock, hip or thigh symptoms…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…opioid at the same time. Opioids in abdominal pain of unclear cause do not delay the diagnosis and should be given, but document the examination…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations The central pathophysiological concern in the emergency department is…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…small adjustments impossible. Procedure Intravenous titration in acute severe pain Practical points during titration: Give the injection slowly over at least a minute; a rapid…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…therapy and Opioid therapy in severe pain. Cardiac arrest Drug Adult Child : : : Adrenaline 1 mg IV/IO every 3–5 min. In asystole and PEA…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic heart disease is broader than chest pain itself, encompassing symptoms like tightness, pressure, and discomfort in the chest…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…is generally preferred to exclude obstructive CAD. Intermediate or high probability: above 15% in the chest pain pathway. Either CCTA or functional imaging is appropriate…

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