…select a safe disposition and diagnostic strategy. Only a minority of patients presenting with acute chest pain ultimately have ACS; reported rates are generally 5…

…abdominal pain of unclear cause do not delay the diagnosis and should be given, but document the examination findings before the dose. A plan for…

…depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given for the pain…

…Condition Typical Pain Quality/Location Key Modifying Factors Associated Physical/Clinical Clues ACS/Myocardial Ischemia Substernal discomfort, pressure, tightness, or heaviness [7]. Worsens with exertion…

…established for these leads (please refer to ECG leads or Additional leads in acute myocardial infarction). Importance of performing ECG during ongoing chest pain It…

…diagnosis or identify a few likely diagnoses. The table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other…

…occur at a low level of exertion, or are associated with high event risk. The apparent differences between thresholds reflect different guideline frameworks and clinical…

…or pain on contact with water. A history of ear surgery in which the middle ear may be open (a mastoid cavity, mastoidectomy). An only…

…hypersensitivity to the preparations. Relative: Poorly controlled diabetes — expect a raised blood glucose for 2–5 days. Suspected or known tendon rupture. No response to…

…patients with an initial shockable rhythm, compressions and ventilation can extend the duration of the shockable rhythm by several minutes, allowing for EMS or bystanders…