…attacks of vertigo, seconds to a minute or so, that are provoked by a change of position — turning over in bed, lying down, standing up…

…hard, visible nail. The nail bed is the tissue beneath the nail plate; a laceration here heals with a deformed nail unless it is sutured…

…the brief attacks. Lying down, turning over in bed or looking up triggers a new attack. A patient with vestibular neuritis or stroke, by contrast…

…the ratio of the pressure difference (ΔP) and the flow over the vascular bed (Q): R = ΔP/Q Both ΔP and…

…Started within 48 h where possible Thromboprophylaxis Low molecular weight heparin unless contraindicated Head of the bed 30–45° Stress ulcer prophylaxis During mechanical ventilation…

Cardiology Definition and purpose Cardiovascular risk assessment estimates an individual’s probability of experiencing cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a defined period. SCORE2 and SCORE2 Older…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Definition and Pathophysiology The conceptual understanding of myocardial infarction (MI) has evolved significantly over the past century. Initial post mortem…

…Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and Grown Up Congenital Heart (GUCH) disease Survival in congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased dramatically over the past few decades…

…test, exercise stress ECG) Exercise stress testing has been used routinely for over 60 years to evaluate cardiopulmonary function and to diagnose cardiovascular disease. The…

…due to trauma In cases of traumatic cardiac arrest, addressing reversible etiologies takes precedence over chest compressions. If trauma is not definitively established as the…