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Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…identify large vessel occlusion, dissection or other vascular pathology CT perfusion Used with an unclear time of onset, a late time window, or when thrombectomy…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…Its primary clinical utility in contemporary practice is late line therapy for patients who remain profoundly symptomatic despite optimal neurohormonal blockade and adequate volume control…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…into ventricular fibrillation at any age. Exercise, or any other activity causing adrenergic stimulation, increase the risk of syncope, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…angina caused by disease in the treated segment. The clinical implications range from asymptomatic angiographic disease to chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), acute coronary syndrome (ACS)…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…at home may be asymptomatic during the assessment in the ER, only to develop severe chest pain and magnificent ST elevations a few minutes later…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…In untreated HeFH, CAD commonly develops during the third or fourth decade in males and approximately 10 years later in females. Untreated HoFH is associated…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…or arteries supplying the limbs. In adults over 40 years of age, atherosclerosis is the predominant cause. Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…not to normalise the plasma sodium. Chronic or minimally symptomatic hyponatraemia must be corrected in a controlled fashion, since too rapid a rise can cause…

Urinary alkalinisation

…is disputed and practice differs between units. Poisoning with other weak acids where the poison control centre recommends it, for example certain phenoxy acid herbicides…

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