…in detail in other chapters, to which links are provided throughout the text. Heart rate During the first week of life, the heart rate is…

…fluid (exudate) to pure blood (exudate). Often pericardial effusion is detected randomly (for example, in CT, MRI, echocardiography). In other cases, the effusion is detected…

…anteriorly over the praecordium to the left of the sternum, the other on the back between the left scapula and the spine. The anterolateral position…

…a patient with known myasthenia responds to further cholinesterase inhibition. The test has a sensitivity of around 60 % and is not specific: motor neurone disease…

…injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the…

…first passage through the circulation. Due to this rapid clearance, adenosine must be administered as a rapid intravenous bolus. Unlike many other intravenous medications where…

…and other biomarkers of myocardial necrosis (infarction) Myocardium can endure 20 to 30 minutes of complete ischemia. After this period the cells die and the…

…or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint prosthesis in the adjacent joint. Known hypersensitivity to the…

…thrombus can fragment, embolize to other coronary branches or vascular beds, propagate through gaps between stent struts, and compromise the treated lumen. Conventional angiography has…

…atrial flutter is not capable of persisting for longer periods of time. This is due to the fact that atrial flutter is caused by a…