…Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction…

…coronary occlusion. Plaque rupture typically involves a thin, collagen poor fibrous cap overlying a large lipid core with many macrophages, resulting in a red, fibrin…

…environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only…

…meal or with continued glucose administration adapted to the cause. 8. Identify drugs, renal failure, alcohol, a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating…

…hypertension, heart failure, and the arrhythmia itself. This remodeling manifests as interstitial fibrosis, atrial dilation, and endocardial denudation, which collectively promote local inflammation and create…

…other cytokines. Within the intima, SMCs undergo a phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic state, producing abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) components, primarily interstitial…

…substantially with chronic kidney disease, particularly diabetic kidney disease and advanced CKD. The clinical course is often more rapidly reversible than that of other forms…

…of ischemia (but the sensitivity is low). U wave changes always accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI…

…a clinical syndromic diagnosis, not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute…

…obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dyspnea has been reported in patients treated with ticagrelor. Patients with a history of ischemic stroke can be treated with ticagrelor…