…spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open the airway. Figure 1. Methods to…

…compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close to large vessels, in the groin or on the neck Bleeding, vascular injury, pseudoaneurysm Surgeon, ultrasound first Other situations that argue…

…myocardial infarction is based on the following three components: Cardiac troponins – Elevation of cardiac troponins in peripheral blood is mandatory to establish a diagnosis of…

…combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow…

…can change before creatinine but is not a pure marker of filtration. Oliguria may be due to hypovolaemia, shock, obstruction or advanced renal injury. Conversely…

…acute PE severity , including clinical findings, RV dysfunction on imaging, and myocardial injury shown by laboratory testing. Comorbidity and aggravating conditions , which may worsen early…

…rapidly with intravenous drugs. Such treatment has not been shown to improve the prognosis and can cause hypotension, acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral…

…Risk of acute kidney injury increases when combined with ACE inhibitors. Corticosteroids and other NSAIDs: Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when combined with acetylsalicylic acid…

…Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated…

…test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds to a minute or so…