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Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…al, JAMA Cardiology (2020). Guo et al reported that 27.8% (52 of 187 patients) had myocardial injury, defined as elevated troponin T levels (TnT)…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…to a hanging head. Frenzel goggles or video Frenzel if available — small beats of nystagmus can otherwise be hard to see, particularly when the patient…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…or other vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the…

Renal parameters

…value normalised to body surface area — the difference is substantial in very small and very large people. Acute kidney injury (KDIGO) Stage Creatinine Urine output : : :…

Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

…transmural ischemia. On the other hand, leads V1–V3 (occasionally V4) may detect the injury currents and present them as ST segment depressions. These depressions…

Abscess incision and drainage

…vascular injury, pseudoaneurysm Surgeon, ultrasound first Other situations that argue for the operating theatre rather than the emergency room: a very large or deep abscess…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…resolution does not consistently permit identification of foamy macrophages. The occurrence of neoatherosclerosis helps explain why ISR and other stent related events may arise well…

ST segment elevation in acute myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

…the opposite angle of observation. The injury currents are not strong enough to be detected on leads with opposite angle of observation. Other vectors may…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

Njurmedicin Lathundar Acute management on call Acute kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine…

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