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Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…presentations include: Hypotension or shock Acute severe aortic regurgitation with heart failure Cardiac tamponade from haemopericardium Myocardial ischaemia from coronary ostial compromise Focal neurological deficits…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…myocardial injury , demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cTn with at least one value above the 99th percentile URL; and Clinical evidence of…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during infections). As noted by Bonow et al, it is also reasonable to believe that patients with heart…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…and other nephrotoxic exposures may contribute to tubular injury, making attribution to contrast alone difficult. In patients with normal renal function, the occurrence of contrast…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…and procedural risk factors The risk of adverse events is increased by: advanced age; diabetes mellitus; chronic kidney disease or renal failure; congestive heart failure…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…a change of position — turning over in bed, lying down, standing up, tilting the head backwards. A symptom free interval between attacks, with possible residual…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…of rhythm disturbances characterized by an inappropriately slow heart rate. Within the context of acute coronary syndromes, particularly ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ischemic injury…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…Subclinical cerebral injury may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the brain. Patients with AF in the setting of ACS…

Urinary alkalinisation

…forward. Heart failure, pulmonary oedema and other conditions with a high risk of fluid overload — a relative contraindication requiring invasive monitoring and slower administration. Significant…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…110 mmHg with acute HMOD, although other guidance emphasizes that no single BP threshold is diagnostically sufficient: the presence of ongoing acute organ injury is…

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