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Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding cardiovascular effects and…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…Untreated delirium tremens has historically carried a high mortality. With modern sedation, supportive treatment and treatment of the precipitating illness the prognosis is considerably better…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…bifurcation involvement Coexisting multivessel disease The extent of jeopardized myocardium Left ventricular systolic function Diabetes and other comorbidities Anatomical complexity and completeness of possible revascularization…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical examination is carried out systematically and carefully…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…with established clinical ASCVD require LDL C lowering to reduce recurrent major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease events and mortality. The

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…of infection on the flap is called vegetation. As a rule, some kind of damage to native (own) valves is required to become vulnerable and…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile response. A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and organ…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…tendon and the patellar tendon — do not inject into or beside them. Anticoagulant treatment is not a contraindication to these superficial injections. Preparation and equipment…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…compression. Infection in the skin overlying the puncture site. Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow — choose the other side). A…

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