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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Cellular changes, ECG and symptoms

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask primarily how the symptoms began…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…cold alone. The temperature at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign from serious etiologies…

Cardiac tumors

…a long time and be detected randomly when investigating other conditions. More dramatic onset of symptoms can be seen in arrhythmogenic tumors of the myocardium…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…agree with those viewpoints. Going through some guidelines the other day I realized that they are indeed becoming thicker and thicker. Guidelines issued by AHA…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…fascicular block, the myocardium without fascicular supply will depend on impulses spreading from other parts of the ventricle (where the fascicle is intact). Figure 1…

Interpretation of neonatal and pediatric electrocardiograms (ECG)

…of the nine parameters listed above. Many of the diagnoses mentioned below are discussed in detail in other chapters, to which links are provided throughout…

Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest)

…is benign and the most common cause of sinus arrest/pause. It commonly affects younger individuals who endure intense emotional stress, acute pain or other…

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