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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds…

Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Cellular changes, ECG and symptoms

…Thus, supply and demand are balanced and no ischemia occurs. (Some individuals display a benign form of ischemia located in the subendocardium during exercise; this…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…targeted examination. The patient's description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…front , and this is why the margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…are numerous other causes of chest pain, but the other causes are either subacute or non acute. The history taking must be systematic and accurate…

Cardiac tumors

…which constitute a minority of cardiac tumors, occur in the heart tissue. Approximately 80% of all primary tumors are benign, and the remaining ones are…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…too complicated and too verbose. Those of us who have read guidelines may agree with those viewpoints. Going through some guidelines the other day I…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…impulses spreading from other parts of the ventricle (where the fascicle is intact). Figure 1. Left anterior fascicular block (anterior hemiblock) and left posterior fascicular…

Interpretation of neonatal and pediatric electrocardiograms (ECG)

…terms of rhythm, morphology, normal findings, normal variants, etc – from adult electrocardiograms. It is crucial to be familiar with normal findings, normal variants, and pathology…

Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest)

…is benign and the most common cause of sinus arrest/pause. It commonly affects younger individuals who endure intense emotional stress, acute pain or other…

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