…In patients presenting with concurrent sepsis and cardiac arrest, standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) protocols are followed. Moreover, for optimal management in the context of sepsis…

…important to familiarize yourself with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions prevailing on the right side. Echocardiography is the first choice for assessing the right…

…reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre. Careful electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with…

…The chain of care in acute STEMI Optimal care for patients with STEMI requires a well coordinated system involving both prehospital and hospital based services…

…non invasive nature and reproducibility make it indispensable in congenital and critical care cardiology. Regular echocardiographic assessment ensures timely intervention, improving outcomes for patients w

…for the former, a COPD exacerbation with carbon dioxide retention for the latter. The treatment is also time limited by its very nature: a patient…

…Optimal management of sudden cardiac arrest requires comprehensive efforts and resources, ranging from continuously training laymen in the community to establishing advanced post resuscitation care…

…core formation and calcification. Neoatherosclerosis can contribute to both ISR and stent thrombosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is currently the most suitable imaging modality for…

…measured. Figure 3. Angle correction for measurement of PISA. The width of vena contracta can also be used to estimate the severity of a regurgitation.

…the amount of gain as the depth increases; this compensates for the attenuation that occurs with increasing depth. TGC is adjusted using multiple controls that…

…testing after 1 and 3 minutes of standing in older patients, patients with diabetes and anyone with dizziness Definitions White coat hypertension: a raised office…

…devices, may provide less accurate MAP readings compared to invasive arterial catheterization, particularly in patients with irregular heart rhythms or low blood pressure. Additionally, individual…

…is reasonable, although the optimal initial combination strategy remains uncertain. A beta blocker combined with a dihydropyridine CCB is appropriate for many patients. Long acting…

…objective, particularly in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and/or MVD. Nevertheless, the optimal extent and timing of intervention depend on the clinical setting, haemodynamic…

…of the evidence for shortened regimens derives from selected populations, frequently with low or intermediate ischemic risk and under representation of patients with STEMI or…

…indicates the duration for equalizing the pressure difference between the left atrium and the left ventricle. The deceleration time is prolonged in conditions leading to…

…Thus, optimal blood pressure is significantly lower than the current threshold for hypertension, and the current treatment target levels for patients with and without diabetes…

…Myocardial oxygen demand Myocardium can only function under aerobic conditions (oxygen is required for ATP synthesis [ATP is the primary energy source in all cells…

…J. (2015). 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. European Heart Journal , 36(41…

…J. (2015). 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. European Heart Journal, 36(41…

…evidence for anti inflammatory treatment in coronary disease has principally involved two populations: Patients recently recovering from myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Patients with…

…visual symptoms consistent with digitalis toxicity. Several underlying conditions increase a patient's sensitivity to digitalis related arrhythmias. The clinician must evaluate for the presence…

…coronary angiography or other invasive procedures, and affected patients may be relatively painless compared with those with spontaneous dissection. Clinical manifestations may result from rupture…

…the "healthy" range can still harbor significant metabolic risk. 3 For patients with a BMI below 35 kg/m², direct assessments such as waist circumference…

…be established. Nasopharyngeal airways may cause complications in patients with skull fractures (risk of intracranial malposition of the tube) or coagulopathy (risk of bleeding). An…

…amiodarone, or adrenaline (epinephrine). In the event of a cardiac arrest in a pregnant patient, immediate consultation with an obstetrician, neonatologist, and anesthesiologist is essential…

…In such scenarios, it is very common to provide the patient with a permanent pacemaker to continue optimal medical treatment. Sick sinus syndrome (sinus node…

…approximately 5–20 µm depending on the system, compared with roughly 70–200 µm for gray scale IVUS. This allows detailed visualization of the lumen…

…particularly for intermediate non left main coronary stenoses. Myocardial ischaemia may occur despite the absence of significant epicardial obstruction. In patients with anginal symptoms and…

…MINOCA accounts for approximately 1–14% of ACS presentations in different series and approximately 5–10% of patients presenting with myocardial infarction in other reports…