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Cardiac arrest during sepsis

…In patients presenting with concurrent sepsis and cardiac arrest, standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) protocols are followed. Moreover, for optimal management in the context of sepsis…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…important to familiarize yourself with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions prevailing on the right side. Echocardiography is the first choice for assessing the right…

Inotropes and vasopressors: doses, indications, contraindications and effects

…reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre. Careful electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with…

STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Diagnosis, ECG, Criteria, and Management

…The chain of care in acute STEMI Optimal care for patients with STEMI requires a well coordinated system involving both prehospital and hospital based services…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…non invasive nature and reproducibility make it indispensable in congenital and critical care cardiology. Regular echocardiographic assessment ensures timely intervention, improving outcomes for patients w

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…for the former, a COPD exacerbation with carbon dioxide retention for the latter. The treatment is also time limited by its very nature: a patient…

Introduction to cardiac arrest

…Optimal management of sudden cardiac arrest requires comprehensive efforts and resources, ranging from continuously training laymen in the community to establishing advanced post resuscitation care…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…core formation and calcification. Neoatherosclerosis can contribute to both ISR and stent thrombosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is currently the most suitable imaging modality for…

Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA)

…measured. Figure 3. Angle correction for measurement of PISA. The width of vena contracta can also be used to estimate the severity of a regurgitation.

Optimization of the ultrasound image

…the amount of gain as the depth increases; this compensates for the attenuation that occurs with increasing depth. TGC is adjusted using multiple controls that…

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