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Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…of RV dysfunction. Catastrophic or “supermassive” PE refers to refractory cardiogenic shock or the need for ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mechanical circulatory support, including extracorporeal membrane…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…neuronal injury increases. Treatment must therefore start at 5 minutes and be escalated without unnecessary pauses [1]. The aims are, simultaneously, to: 1. terminate clinical…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…including depression and anxiety Social support and practical barriers to participation Occupational and sporting goals Current pharmacological treatment Early assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…on the oesophagus or upper gastrointestinal tract, ileus and ongoing upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Marked agitation or inability to cooperate. Copious secretions without an effective cough…

Warfarin therapy

…a reason to reject a DOAC , not as the standard option. Contraindications Ongoing clinically significant bleeding. Pregnancy in the first trimester and close to delivery…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…collateral circulation. A first or anterior infarction. Single vessel disease without collateral support. Chronic kidney disease, particularly in relation to VSR. Large infarction, especially for…

🟠 SYNTAX Score

…and potential future refinements underscore its enduring relevance in cardiology. By combining anatomical and clinical data, it continues to support heart teams in delivering persona

Edrophonium test

…the test must therefore never be performed without atropine, ECG monitoring and access to airway support. Indications Clinically suspected myasthenia gravis in a patient with…

Electrical cardioversion

…clinical knowledge support documents have tightened the threshold to 24 hours for patients with risk factors; cardioversion between 24 and 48 hours without ongoing anticoagulation…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia, advanced life support is followed while the hyperkalaemia is treated…

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