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Central venous catheter

…consent if the patient is awake, and scan the vessel with ultrasound before you drape — a thrombosed or non compressible vein changes the plan wh

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…inherited from a parent. A de novo variant. Less commonly, autosomal recessive inheritance. X linked or other non autosomal dominant mechanisms. Complex or multifactorial genetic…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS Classification The clinical spectrum of Acute Coronary Syndromes encompasses Unstable Angina (UA), Non ST Elevation…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Non ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (NSTE ACS): Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina (UA) The focus…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…the IPAP against hypercapnia SpO₂ 88–92% Hypoxaemic failure without hypercapnia CPAP or high flow nasal oxygen 5–10 cmH₂O According to oxygenation requirement SpO₂…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…A patient may have: Relatively high apoB despite normal or low LDL C or non HDL C Relatively low apoB despite higher cholesterol concentrations When…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…It can be assessed invasively or with myocardial perfusion imaging using PET, SPECT or CMR. Relative flow reserve compares perfusion in a stenotic territory with…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…coronary artery. Non obstructive disease is generally defined as the absence of a stenosis of 50% or more in any potential infarct related artery. MINOCA…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…obstructive atherosclerotic CAD, coronary microvascular dysfunction or vasospasm. A normal or non obstructive coronary anatomy does not necessarily exclude an ischaemic mechanism. Clinical assessment and…

A New Approach to Acute Coronary Syndromes: Occlusion MI (OMI) vs. Non-Occlusion MI (NOMI)

…novel classification has been proposed: Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (OMI) versus Non Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (NOMI). This method focuses on the presence or absence of ACO…

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