…The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured around three principal diagnostic categories: Myocardial ischaemia , particularly acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Other cardiopulmonary causes…

…oedema, sometimes requiring non invasive ventilation or intubation. Aortic disease An acute aortic dissection is a hypertensive emergency requiring the most rapid BP response. The…

…a drug, insect venom or another non food allergen 2. Acute airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise after exposure to a known or probable allergen , even…

…must consider both cardiac and non cardiac etiologies [1]. Cardiac Causes The primary differential diagnoses include conditions that directly affect the myocardium or major vessels…

…acute pericarditis, tamponade is uncommon when the cause is viral or idiopathic but is more frequent when the underlying cause is non idiopathic. Clinical Presentation…

…Iatrogenic lesions commonly follow cardiac surgery, coronary angiography or other invasive procedures, and affected patients may be relatively painless compared with those with spontaneous dissection…

…significant dynamic change is consistent with chronic myocardial injury. Non ischaemic conditions, including myocarditis, rapid ventricular rate atrial fibrillation, marked anaemia, hypertensive emergency, heart failure…

…Inadequate oxygenation despite maximal oxygen or non invasive ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing…

…trials, tenecteplase was non inferior to alteplase with respect to an excellent functional outcome, without an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage or death [3]…

…not routinely undergo immediate angiography. A selective or delayed approach is recommended in this setting unless other findings justify urgent intervention. Risk scores Several risk…