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Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…severe transfusion reaction: contact transfusion medicine before transfusing again. Preparation and equipment Compatibility testing Test What it involves When it is used : : : Blood grouping ABO…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…typically platelet rich and less occlusive, often presenting clinically as Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) rather than STEMI [4] . Calcified Nodules: A less common…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…ACS): Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina (UA) The focus of this chapter is the diagnosis and management of patients with Non…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

Procedurer CPAP and NIV are two different treatments with different physiology, and the commonest source of error is confusing them. CPAP delivers a constant pressure…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…or non HDL C, cardiovascular risk may be misestimated if cholesterol measures alone are used. Risk in these circumstances appears to track more closely with…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…precisely, FFR compares the pressure driving flow distal to a stenosis with the pressure that would be available in the absence of that stenosis. The…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and clinical concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…coronary microvascular dysfunction or vasospasm. A normal or non obstructive coronary anatomy does not necessarily exclude an ischaemic mechanism. Clinical assessment and estimation of pre…

A New Approach to Acute Coronary Syndromes: Occlusion MI (OMI) vs. Non-Occlusion MI (NOMI)

…coronary syndromes (ACS) into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA) has guided clinical decision making for decades but…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological basis Ezetimibe is a non statin lipid lowering agent that inhibits the Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter…

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