…a multifactorial clinical entity that typically emerges when multiple modifiable and non modifiable risk factors converge. The electrophysiological mechanism underlying TdP involves prolonged ventricular repolarisation…

…a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall is biologically active. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells…

…is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the coronary ostia, and acquiring multiple…

…the co administration of multiple QT prolonging medications, and drug accumulation secondary to renal or hepatic impairment or the inhibition of cytochrome P450 metabolism [1…

…or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation of dementia…

…exert effects on multiple cardiac ion channels ( Dan et al ). Table 1. Singh–Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs Class Definition Agents Class IA Na …

…the isoelectric baseline. The risk of ventricular fibrillation is very high during torsade de pointes . ECG showing an episode of sinus rhythm (with multiple ventricular…

…of CAD, particularly in patients with multivessel disease or left main coronary artery disease . It integrates multiple variables, including the number of lesions, their location…

…The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely to result from the cumulative influence of multiple modest dietary changes. Mediterranean type diets provide polyphenols from extra virgin…

…be pursued. Patients receiving digoxin may present with symptoms of digitalis toxicity, which manifests across multiple organ systems. Non cardiac symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting…

…stages of ischemia, this may manifest as tall, positive hyperacute T waves [15]. Profound ST elevation across multiple leads generally indicates very severe ischemia [15…

…classification SCAD is conventionally divided into three angiographic patterns: Type Angiographic appearance Diagnostic considerations Type 1 Contrast staining of the arterial wall with multiple lumens…

…is more prevalent in Japan and South Korea than in Western populations, and multiple vessel spasm during provocation testing is also reported more frequently in…

…Multiple potentially high risk plaques may exist throughout the coronary tree, while inflammation and thrombotic susceptibility are often systemic rather than confined to a single…

…transmural ischemia and requiring urgent reperfusion, even in the absence of classic ST elevation. Multiple studies have demonstrated the superior sensitivity of OMI criteria—including…

…exert effects on multiple cardiac ion channels ( Dan et al ). Table 1. Singh–Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs Class Definition Agents Class IA Na …

…and multiple valve lesions are common (typically the aortic and mitral valve). Rheumatic heart disease is rare in high income countries, presumably because streptococcal infections…

…Gallstone causing acoustic shadowing. Reverberations artifacts Ultrasound waves can be reflected multiple times between dense structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection…

…in LVH. Deep S wave in V5 or V6 ( 6 mm) Large RS complexes in multiple leads P pulmonale Figure 1. ECG changes seen in…

…to exercise. It does so by withdrawing parasympathetic activity and increasing sympathetic activity. This has multiple effects which are discussed in detail below. This article…

…in high income Western countries. Fortunately, modern antihypertensive therapy enables most patients to return to normal blood pressure (normotension). Combination therapy with multiple antihypertensives is…

…velocity increases as a liquid approach a circular opening. The flow profile gradually assumes the shape of a hemisphere with multiple layers. Flow velocity is…

…segments in multiple views. Note that the terms ischemic heart disease (IHD), coronary heart disease (CHD) , and coronary artery disease (CAD) are used interchangeably throughout…

…is also true; the stiffer the myocardium, the slower and less pronounced the relaxation. Left ventricular compliance Multiple factors affect ventricular compliance. These factors include…

…isolate a clinically actionable high risk group for SCD — one defined entirely from the ECG, without echocardiography. They then stress tested the model against multiple…

…Type A IMH may cause: Aortic regurgitation Haemopericardium or pericardial effusion Aortic rupture Proximal aortic complications Malperfusion and pulse deficits are less common in type…

…risk increasing particularly after 70 years Male sex Previous upper gastrointestinal disease Hepatic or renal disease Multiple cardiovascular risk factors Concomitant nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs…

…including NSAIDs; and repeated or high volume contrast exposure. Patients with multiple myeloma and renal disease are particularly susceptible. The risk is also greater when…

…cross sectional images from x ray attenuation measurements obtained at multiple angles. Tissue attenuation is expressed relative to water in Hounsfield units. Bone is highly…

…CKD), and multiple non cardiovascular conditions are frequent features. A proposed disease pathway involves systemic and coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation associated with comorbidities. This may…

…on multiple imaging planes. Location adjacent to hyperkinetic myocardium. Large thrombus burden. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can further characterize thrombus morphology and may assist in…

…including pulmonary oedema, renal insufficiency, hepatic injury, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, cerebrovascular events, hepatic capsule rupture, placental abruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiple organ failure. In the…

…dominant manifestation is chronic, recurrent angina or an anginal equivalent caused by reversible ischaemia. Symptoms may remain present daily or weekly despite multiple antianginal agents…

…often exhibit multiple villi . These myxomas are more likely to embolize (Cardiac Thromboembolism). There are genetic syndromes that result in the emergence of multiple myxomas…

…multiple views. The basal part is divided into six segments of 60° each. The segments along the circumference are basal anterior , basal anteroseptal , basal inferoseptal…

…developed many decades ago and they have multiple drawbacks. For example, Bazett's formula is only suitable in adults with a heart rate between 60…

…for the attenuation that occurs with increasing depth. TGC is adjusted using multiple controls that each represent a specific depth in the image (Figure 1)…

…is an agonist on A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors. Fixed dose administration : Regadenoson dosing is not weight based, simplifying administration. Dipyridamole Dipyridamole has multiple…

…suprasternal notch) Multiple views are obtained in each window. Some parameters, e.g left ventricular diameter, are evaluated in several views in order to assess…

…The aortic valve is easy to visualize and image quality is typically high in multiple views. The diameter of the aortic valve is relatively constant…

…echocardiography is used to evaluate valve anatomy and the subvalvular apparatus. Thickness, mobility and coaptation of the leaflets are assessed visually in multiple views. It…

…energy cost is expressed as multiples of the resting metabolic rate. For example, 5 METs imply that the energy cost of activity is equal to…

…2 In type 2 second degree sinoatrial block impulses are blocked sporadically (without any Wenckebach phenomenon). The pauses between the visible beats are always multiples…

… LVESD = left ventricular end systolic diameter; The fraction is multiplied by 100 to obtain percentage (%). Normal FS 25% (M Mode) 18% (Direct 2 D…