Articles & courses

Articles
Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography

…depth or reducing the width of the sector. To achieve the highest resolution possible, the depth and width of the image should be kept as…

Abscess incision and drainage

…be incised — there, antibiotics are the treatment. Ultrasound shows the abscess as a hypoechoic or heterogeneous area whose contents move under pressure; cellulitis instead gives…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…by itself, establish the presence or haemodynamic significance of a specific stenosis. Clinical Role and Indications CAC scoring is principally a risk stratification tool for…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…for example mupirocin or bacitracin), saline, and an intravenous cannula for expanding the tampon. Topical tranexamic acid on a pledget or as a solution has…

Doppler effect and Doppler echocardiography

…the transducer will reflect sound waves with reduced frequency (Figure 3). Figure 3. Doppler effect occurs when reflectors (structures reflecting sound waves) move towards or…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…designed to identify ischemic areas of the myocardium by highlighting regions with reduced blood flow. Radiotracers for SPECT Technetium 99m (Sestamibi or Tetrofosmin): With a…

Tissue Doppler (Tissue Velocity Imaging)

…of myocardial motion is significantly lower than the velocity of blood flow. Therefore, ultrasound waves reflected from myocardium will have a lower Doppler shift, as…

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