…disease is the leading cause of mitral regurgitation in low and middle income countries. Rheumatic heart disease typically results in thickening of the leaflets and…

…otoscopy: a slight change of pressure with the bulb shows whether the tympanic membrane is mobile — an immobile membrane suggests fluid in the middle ear…

…or rupture. PAUs are usually located in the middle or distal descending thoracic aorta. The arch and ascending aorta are less commonly involved, and ascending…

…of luminal obstruction. Calcified plaque is generally less likely to rupture than non calcified, lipid rich plaque. CAC nevertheless serves as a marker of the…

…described as uncommon. In pregnancy associated ACS, STEMI is more frequent than NSTEMI, and up to two thirds of infarctions are anterior. The risk of…

…disease (atherosclerosis). The average age at diagnosis of aortic stenosis is 75 years in high income countries. In low and middle income countries, rheumatic heart…

…three segments referred to as A1 (anterior segment), A2 (middle segment), and A3 (posterior segment) (Figure 1). The posterior leaflet of the mitral valve has…

…in contractile function, or the effectiveness of longitudinal, radial, and circumferential contraction. Thus, methods such as ejection fraction may provide easily obtained parameters, but fail…

…Anaphylaxis is a clinical diagnosis. Treat as anaphylaxis in any of the following: 1. Acute onset of skin or mucosal symptoms , for example generalised urticaria…

…Palpate the acromion . The injection site lies 2–3 fingerbreadths (about 5 cm) below the lower border of the acromion , in the middle of the…