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Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…with progression, hyperglycaemia and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. These abnormalities initiate self perpetuating metabolic and inflammatory pathways that injure the vasculature, heart and kidneys. Advanced…

🟠 BMI and Body Surface Area (BSA) calculator

…risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and specific cancers. BMI and cardiovascular outcomes High BMI is associated with several health conditions: Type 2 diabetes…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed available blood flow…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support…

Arterial line

…cardiac arrest. Repeated blood gases, for example during mechanical ventilation or severe metabolic derangement. Major surgery with expected blood loss or large volume shifts. Patients…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…same time despite a normal pH. The lungs compensate for a primary metabolic disturbance within minutes by changing ventilation. Renal compensation for a primary respiratory…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar About this quick reference Treatment protocols differ between regions. Always follow the local protocol for exact infusion rates, electrolyte concentrations and…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) Metabolic disorders Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia Starvation Anorexia nervosa Liquid protein diets Hypothyroidism Bradyarrhythmia Sinus…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…prediabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hypertriglyceridaemia. Because triglyceride rich particles contribute additional cholesterol—often approximately 30 mg/dL—non HDL C treatment goals are…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…cardiac function, satiety, appetite, the gut microbiome and metabolic expenditure. Food processing, additives and cooking methods may also contribute. The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely…

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