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Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…does not determine the anticoagulation indication. Previous stroke or TIA. The presence of mitral stenosis, a mechanical heart valve or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart failure, hypertension…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…a new cardiac murmur, or jugular venous distension in the days after MI should prompt immediate consideration of a mechanical complication. Clinical deterioration may be…

Left Bundle Branch Block: ECG criteria and clinical implications

…leads [7]. These stricter parameters correlate more closely with abnormal LV mechanical function and the potential benefit of resynchronization pacemaker therapy [7]. R Wave Peak…

Arterial line

…also improves the chance of success by counteracting vascular spasm. Pressure monitoring set: stiff, short tubing, a transducer, and a flush system with physiological saline…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…instability or cardiogenic shock recurrent or ongoing chest pain refractory to medical treatment life threatening arrhythmias or cardiac arrest mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…Haemodynamic instability or cardiogenic shock Life threatening arrhythmias or cardiac arrest after presentation Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction Recurrent dynamic ECG changes suggestive of ischaemia…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…cardiogenic shock. Identification of life threatening arrhythmias. Assessment for high risk mechanical complications. Determination of symptom onset time and anticipated time to primary PCI. Patients…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…focal arterial lesions. Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall…

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