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Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall is biologically active…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…a new cardiac murmur, or jugular venous distension in the days after MI should prompt immediate consideration of a mechanical complication. Clinical deterioration may be…

Left Bundle Branch Block: ECG criteria and clinical implications

…leads [7]. These stricter parameters correlate more closely with abnormal LV mechanical function and the potential benefit of resynchronization pacemaker therapy [7]. R Wave Peak…

Arterial line

…are routinely missed. The third thing to know by heart is that an arterial line must never be confused with a venous access. Indications Continuous…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…to medical treatment life threatening arrhythmias or cardiac arrest mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction. acute heart failure recurrent dynamic ST segment or T wave…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…heart failure presumed to result from ongoing myocardial ischaemia Haemodynamic instability or cardiogenic shock Life threatening arrhythmias or cardiac arrest after presentation Mechanical complications of…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…acute severe heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Identification of life threatening arrhythmias. Assessment for high risk mechanical complications. Determination of symptom onset time and anticipated…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…segment. The phenomenon occurs in approximately 2%–3% of PCI procedures overall. It is particularly associated with intervention on degenerated saphenous vein grafts (SVGs), rotational…

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