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Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…exposure and the risk of resistant organisms 0 to 60 min Empirical intravenous antibiotics in septic shock or in certain or highly likely sepsis 0…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…Capnography refers to the measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide …

Spirometry

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…on a combination of clinical findings, oxygenation and objective measurement of airflow. International thresholds vary somewhat, but a PEF of 50 percent or less together…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…gas is needed mainly when concomitant respiratory failure or an exact assessment of oxygenation requires it [3]. Calculation of osmolality Use the same formula throughout…

Edrophonium test

…of the chosen finding — measurement, photograph or video. 3. Give atropine 0.5 mg intravenously (alternatively glycopyrronium 0.2 mg) to reduce the risk of…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…level of consciousness Coma Marked drowsiness, for example a Glasgow Coma Scale below 8 Vomiting together with clear neurological impairment Respiratory failure or respiratory arrest…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…the expected course and the possibility of rapid reversal with an antidote. Intubation is recommended for neurological, respiratory or haemodynamic failure that cannot be corrected…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…specific 99th percentile upper reference limit. It is classified as acute when serial measurements demonstrate a rise and/or fall. A stable elevation indicates chronic…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…for diagnosing CAD in stable patients with: Low clinical likelihood or no previous diagnosis of CAD Characteristics suggesting that good quality imaging is achievable It…

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