…for a flat ETCO2 curve include: Ventilator or capnograph not activated. Displacement of the tracheal tube. Cardiac arrest without adequate blood flow or ineffective compressions…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…on a combination of clinical findings, oxygenation and objective measurement of airflow. International thresholds vary somewhat, but a PEF of 50 percent or less together…

…causes of symptoms should be considered. When plaque is present but stenosis is minimal or mild, symptoms are also unlikely to be caused by flow…

…gas is needed mainly when concomitant respiratory failure or an exact assessment of oxygenation requires it [3]. Calculation of osmolality Use the same formula throughout…

…of the chosen finding — measurement, photograph or video. 3. Give atropine 0.5 mg intravenously (alternatively glycopyrronium 0.2 mg) to reduce the risk of…

…A respiratory rate of at least 22/min, increased work of breathing, a new oxygen requirement, a saturation below 93 per cent on air, or…

…level of consciousness Coma Marked drowsiness, for example a Glasgow Coma Scale below 8 Vomiting together with clear neurological impairment Respiratory failure or respiratory arrest…

…the expected course and the possibility of rapid reversal with an antidote. Intubation is recommended for neurological, respiratory or haemodynamic failure that cannot be corrected…

…specific 99th percentile upper reference limit. It is classified as acute when serial measurements demonstrate a rise and/or fall. A stable elevation indicates chronic…