…a rate appropriate to tissue requirements unless filling pressures are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion or impaired cardiac…

…evidence of systemic venous congestion Blood pressure and evidence of hypotension Clinical evidence of low cardiac output or shock RVI may produce severe venous congestion…

…requirements or can do so only at the cost of elevated filling pressures. Congestion and elevated filling pressures produce the characteristic clinical syndrome of breathlessness…

…Ejection fraction is routinely examined at rest, which does not reveal the functional (maximum) capacity of the left ventricle, as this would require measuring the…

…the product of stroke volume and heart rate: CO = SV • HR CO = cardiac output; SV = stroke volume; HR = heart rate. Cardiac…

…a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk of rapid deterioration. Intraosseous access: Cardiac arrest where venous access is not immediately available. Shock…

…measurement of the diameter. Cardiac output (CO) Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR). CO = HR · SV Cardiac…

…gaze palsy — that can be assessed before and during the window of effect. The muscarinic effect may at the same time produce marked bradycardia and…

…effect. They say nothing about the mineralocorticoid effect or about suppression of the HPA axis, where a long half life produces more marked suppression. Stress…

…in the hospital. Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on the management of hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults. The summary of product characteristics for each insulin preparation.