…principal anatomical distributions are: Abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, involved in approximately 30% of symptomatic patients. Femoral and popliteal arteries, involved in approximately 80–90%…

…stenosis. Cutoff ≤ 0.80. Deepest outcome trial evidence base of any physiological index; lesion specific and largely independent of resting hemodynamics; guideline reference standard. Requires…

…the choice of lesion the critical point: never freeze anything whose diagnosis you have not established. Indications Lesion Freeze time per cycle Number of cycles…

…to a single lesion. Consequently, local revascularization must be accompanied by systemic treatment aimed at stabilizing the broader atherosclerotic disease. Pathophysiology Mechanisms of acute coronary…

ECG Left main coronary artery occlusion Left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is a rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. The LMCA supplies…

…an obstructive coronary lesion without avoidable delay. In contrast, haemodynamically stable patients without ST segment elevation after successful resuscitation from out of hospital cardiac arrest…

…a left main coronary stenosis of at least 50% is considered significant. These thresholds describe luminal narrowing, not necessarily the physiological effect of the lesion…

…Choice of technique Diagnostic question Method Comment : : : Pigmented lesion, suspected melanoma Excision with a 1–3 mm margin, down into the subcutis Never a shave…

…reserve (FFR) is an invasive, lesion specific physiological index used to estimate the functional significance of an epicardial coronary stenosis. It is defined during maximal…

…alter the local vascular environment. The extracellular matrix is an active component of lesion development rather than merely a structural scaffold. Smooth muscle cells and…