…as well as cases where the cause does not fall into the other categories. Trauma Cardiac arrest caused by violence, accidents, burns, or other trauma…

…Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter in the intestine. By reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption, it decreases the quantity of cholesterol delivered to the liver…

…or is there approaching, an indication for dialysis? AKI occurs in about one fifth of adults during a hospital episode in international studies and is…

…admission alone. Diagnosis Current diagnostic criteria According to the international consensus report of 2024, the diagnosis of DKA requires three components: diabetes or hyperglycaemia, ketosis…

…blood cultures. For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression, papilloedema or new focal neurological signs — CT is performed first. Preparation…

…give the first dose of broad spectrum antibiotics within 60 minutes of triage or arrival. This is supported by international guidelines on neutropenic fever [2]…

…or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation, chest movement and a blood gas. Ventilate by mask in opioid…

…seizure lasting at least 5 minutes, or repeated generalised tonic clonic seizures without the patient regaining consciousness between them. Five minutes is the practical threshold…

…with rapid intestinal transit. Coffee ground vomiting is less specific than fresh haematemesis and can also be seen when the bleeding is slow or has…

…of the type of oral anticoagulant used. Studies have shown that it performs similarly or superiorly to other bleeding risk assessment tools, such as HEMORR2HAGES…

…and patient preferences. The source material describes hypertension using differing thresholds across international guidance. One framework defines confirmed hypertension as blood pressure consistently above 130…

…cited international cohort evidence. Metabolic risk factors make a particularly large contribution to cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is a major component of this burden, followed by…

…persistent, long standing persistent and permanent—and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central therapeutic objective is…

…to the ventricles. Conduction through the AV node is intentionally slow (due to the low concentration of gap junctions in AV nodal cells), which allows…

…with preserved air entry Marked wheeze or reduced air entry Silent or nearly silent chest pCO₂ Low Usually low Normal or raised Other Moderate work…

…HINTS plus by a trained examiner if nystagmus is present, neurological examination, gait and truncal stability Acute balance syndrome Acute persistent unsteadiness or ataxia without…

…The updated international grading comprises five levels, with mild skin and mucosal reactions in the lower grades and marked airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise in…

…provides more elemental calcium per millilitre and can be given rapidly through secure intravenous or intraosseous access. Grading There is no entirely uniform international grading…

…of the pleural air and speeds resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is given irrespective of the saturation according to international guidelines are…

…cohort. A 5 year risk threshold of 5% or higher, determined by ROC curve analysis as the optimal balance for deciding on ICD implantation, yielded…

…cohort. A 5 year risk threshold of 5% or higher, determined by ROC curve analysis as the optimal balance for deciding on ICD implantation, yielded…

…receptor (LDL receptor) on hepatocytes. By directing the receptor toward intracellular degradation rather than recycling it to the hepatocyte surface, PCSK9 reduces hepatic clearance of…

…regarding the formal criteria for evaluating the success of TdP treatment or detailed step by step algorithms for alternative therapies when initial pharmacological approaches fail…

…arrhythmia via a standard 12 lead ECG or a single lead ECG tracing lasting ≥30 seconds, characterized by irregularly irregular R R intervals and the…

…performed on all patients seeking medical attention due to chest discomfort or other symptoms that may be caused by myocardial ischemia. Other symptoms include dyspnea…

…medium may consist of any matter, e.g air, water, metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound…