…of all cardiac arrests are caused by acute or chronic coronary artery disease, with the latter being the most common. The figure 80% occurs in…

…Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter in the intestine. By reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption, it decreases the quantity of cholesterol delivered to the liver…

…or is there approaching, an indication for dialysis? AKI occurs in about one fifth of adults during a hospital episode in international studies and is…

…admission alone. Diagnosis Current diagnostic criteria According to the international consensus report of 2024, the diagnosis of DKA requires three components: diabetes or hyperglycaemia, ketosis…

…neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation of…

…60 minutes of triage or arrival. This is supported by international guidelines on neutropenic fever [2]. The direct evidence for exactly one hour in neutropenic…

…or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation, chest movement and a blood gas. Ventilate by mask in opioid…

…ladder below follow the Swedish local sequence given in the original article. International guidelines and studies support the same principles, but local choices of drug…

…results are influenced by the fact that the sickest patients are more often intubated [4]. Intubation is reasonable in: a reduced level of consciousness with…

…for bleeding risks in AF patients, regardless of the type of oral anticoagulant used. Studies have shown that it performs similarly or superiorly to other…

…individualized selection strategy. When to Initiate Pharmacological Treatment Lifestyle intervention is an essential component of care. In adults with elevated blood pressure, nonpharmacological management should…

…mortality in the cited international cohort evidence. Metabolic risk factors make a particularly large contribution to cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is a major component of this…

…determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central therapeutic objective is prevention of thromboembolic complications, particularly stroke. In untreated AF…

…to the ventricles. Conduction through the AV node is intentionally slow (due to the low concentration of gap junctions in AV nodal cells), which allows…

…Grade the severity by the most serious finding. A patient does not have to meet every criterion in a column. Clinical deterioration or a poor…

…brief attacks. Lying down, turning over in bed or looking up triggers a new attack. A patient with vestibular neuritis or stroke, by contrast, is…

…Never delay adrenaline in order to identify or remove the allergen. 2. Give adrenaline 1 mg/ml intramuscularly into the middle third of the anterolateral…

…are ECG changes, circulatory compromise or a very strong clinical suspicion. 3. Give intravenous calcium in the presence of hyperkalaemic ECG changes or arrhythmia. 4…

…Keep the saturation in the lower part of the target range. Paraquat poisoning — oxygen worsens the lung injury. Discuss with your national or regional poison…

…index of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88) in the discovery cohort. A 5 year risk threshold of 5% or higher, determined by…

…index of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88) in the discovery cohort. A 5 year risk threshold of 5% or higher, determined by…

…and improves walking distance. The role of PCSK9 inhibition in thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease remains an emerging area of research. Pharmacological Classes and…

…and subsequent sudden death are rare, the arrhythmia is precipitated by an extensive list of "torsadegenic" or "QT liability" drugs. This includes Class III antiarrhythmic…

…90% of thrombi in non valvular AF originate within this specific anatomical cul de sac [19] . Concurrently, the atrial myocardium undergoes structural remodeling driven by…

…of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical attention due to chest discomfort or…

…wavelength is indicated in the unit m (meters) and is denoted by the letter λ (lambda) . Note that The International System of Units is used…