…the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood…

…may therefore identify a continuum of myocardial injury ranging from minor or reversible injury to extensive necrosis. Causes of myocardial injury Important causes include: Mechanism…

…output can change before creatinine but is not a pure marker of filtration. Oliguria may be due to hypovolaemia, shock, obstruction or advanced renal injury…

…the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed safer than using a needle due to reduced risk of injury. Thoracostomy should be performed…

…eye injury is to measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of…

…due to a direct, non penetrating traumatic blow to the chest. Unlike commotio cordis, contusio cordis implies actual structural injury to the tissues. Manifestations of…

…to defibrillate immediately if cardiac arrest is witnessed and the rhythm is shockable). This is explained by the fact that there are no means of…

…or unsecured airway in a patient with a reduced level of consciousness Gastric lavage Corrosive injury or suspected oesophageal perforation Gastric lavage Petroleum products Gastric…

…insufficient randomised evidence to determine which agent is best. The choice is therefore governed chiefly by the target organ damage, the pharmacology of the drug…

…and myocardial injury. This classification is central to determining the intensity of monitoring, supportive treatment, anticoagulation, and possible reperfusion. The principal pathophysiological determinant of early…