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Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…which involves the arch without involvement of the ascending aorta or represents retrograde extension from the descending aorta into the arch that stops before reaching…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…of myocardial infarction injury involves the overlapping of vulnerable plaque and thrombogenic blood, which are critical determinants for infarction occurrence and extension. Plaque rupture or…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein and cannula size…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation, aggregation, and fibrin formation. Within a…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…progressive or diagnostically unclear AKI. Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…myocardial injury , demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cTn with at least one value above the 99th percentile URL; and Clinical evidence of…

Reduction of dislocations

…of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and of vascular injury; always an orthopaedic surgeon, and usually general anaesthesia. An open dislocation. Inadequate analgesia or…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…failure, and heart failure have been identified as important risk factors. Severe atherosclerosis of the axillary or subclavian arteries may increase the risk of embolization…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…obtained or become abnormal, in the presence of symptoms suggestive of ischaemia and presumed new ischaemic ECG changes. The distinction between myocardial injury and type…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…The extent of myocardial injury is strongly influenced by total ischaemic time. This interval includes: The time from symptom onset to recognition and seeking medical…

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