…or blood products. Contrast medium for CT (this requires a large bore cannula in a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk of…

…therapy. The pathophysiology of myocardial infarction injury involves the overlapping of vulnerable plaque and thrombogenic blood, which are critical determinants for infarction occurrence and extension…

…an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab…

…and endothelial or myocardial injury. Antithrombotic therapy may reduce embolization of thrombotic or atheroembolic material, but pharmacological and mechanical strategies directed specifically at reperfusion injury…

…of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury. In classic dissection, an intimal tear permits blood…

…reversible causes of traumatic cardiac arrest ( Salomone et al ): Hypovolemia : Hypovolemic shock is common in both penetrating and blunt force trauma. Loss of blood volume…

…and the cell membranes collapse whereby cellular proteins are released into the circulation. It is possible to detect elevated levels of myocardial proteins in blood…

…of infarction. Early thrombus formation is associated with poor short term prognosis, although early mortality is usually related to the extent of myocardial injury and…

…from the vessel lumen by a fibrous cap. The LRNC is a highly toxic, pro thrombotic milieu composed of extracellular cholesterol crystals, apoptotic and necrotic…

…Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in…