…shorter DAPT regimens are used. BMS now account for less than 10% of contemporary PCI procedures according to the source material. First generation DES The…

Cardiology Continous medical discussion: the ECG blog Infectious diseases Cardiovascular effects of COVID 19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has caused a global public health…

…a neutropenic patient is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation may be faint or absent. Take cultures immediately…

…Inflammation and infection Test Reference Comment : : : CRP < 3 mg/L Rises within 6–8 h, half life about 19 h ESR Women < 20…

…from the circulation. Statins also reduce production of apoB 100 containing lipoproteins and exert effects beyond LDL C reduction, including modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress…

…or a damaged nail fold edge Nail avulsion and inspection of the nail bed, with suture of any nail bed laceration Contraindications There are no…

…of vascular inflammation rather than lipid lowering. Other anti inflammatory strategies have produced less favourable results. Canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin 1β…

…roots of the great vessels are contained (Figure 1). The pericardial sac encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid. Numerous conditions may cause inflammation…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) encompass a spectrum of clinical conditions characterized by a recent change in symptoms…

…With contemporary imaging, LV thrombus has been reported in as many as 15% of patients after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with rates approaching…

…The stage of the ischaemic process: acute, evolving or chronic The severity of ischaemia and whether infarction has occurred The extent and degree of myocardial…

…Figure 1, ATP concentrations decline rapidly. After 5 minutes of VF, approximately 50% of the ATP remained. Figure 1 . Myocardial ATP concentration after induction of…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

…Evaluate myocardial viability, particularly when combined with metabolic imaging. Contribute to assessment of cardiac inflammation, infective endocarditis, and cardiac amyloidosis using appropriate radiopharmaceuticals. Functional perfusion…

…killer in most regions worldwide ( Tsao et al .). The New England Journal of Medicine, 1812. Remarks on Angina Pectoris by John Warren The remarkable facts…

…and troponin I (cTnI) increase 2 3 hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction. The maximum troponin value is observed in 12–48 hours…

…interventions than with low fat control diets. In one trial of patients with previous myocardial infarction, the Mediterranean intervention involved greater consumption of fruits, vegetables…

…and post myocardial infarction (MI) care. Despite their proven morbidity and mortality benefits, their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of these adverse…

…several interrelated pathological processes: accelerated atherogenesis; vascular inflammation; progression of calcific aortic stenosis; enhancement of a prothrombotic state. Its atherogenic and inflammatory effects may be…

…of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis Reduction in body weight and haemoglobin A1c Increased uricosuria, with plasma uric acid reduction of approximately 10% to 15…

…myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), aortic disease, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Diabetes also substantially increases the risk of chronic kidney…

…chronic, systemic proinflammatory state. This circulating inflammation leads to coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction, characterized by the upregulation of adhesion molecules (e.g., VCAM 1) a

…pericarditis: the end stage of pericardial inflammation Constrictive pericarditis is the result of chronic inflammation of the pericardium. In principle, all causes of pericarditis can…

…The urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure…

…of anticoagulation decisions [1] . In both paradigms, a score of ≥2 (excluding sex) is a Class I indication for OAC. Bleeding Risk Assessment: HAS BLED…

…dysfunction High likelihood of progression to end stage renal disease; preparation for renal replacement therapy is required 5 <15 mL/min/1.73 m² Kidney…

…are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion or impaired cardiac performance rather than by ejection fraction alone. Heart failure…

…with variable inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease affects approximately 10% of non obese individuals and up to 65% of patients…

…HF and atrial fibrillation Obesity therefore acts both as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and as a driver of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and systemic inflammation…