…idiopathic pericarditis, radiation to the pericardium and surgical interventions are the most common causes of constrictive pericarditis. Of these three, idiopathic pericarditis is the most…

…cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy secondary to valvular heart disease Long term prognosis varies markedly across these conditions. The prognosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy may be poorer than…

…the right place. In suspected bacterial meningitis it is the time to antibiotics that saves the patient — the puncture must never delay it. Indications Suspected…

…Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) Metabolic disorders Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia Starvation Anorexia…

…al it was reported that early repolarization was associated with 3–5 times as great a risk of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest…

…arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and rheumatic fever. Aortic dissection rupturing into the pericardium. Idiopathic pericardial effusion. Renal failure, hypothyroidism, and hypercholesterolemia. Dressler syndrome. Iatrogenic…

…results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome…

…Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results in right ventricular volume overload…

…clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates. Furthermore…

…compression and tamponade even without a large circumferential effusion. Causes Tamponade shares the causes of pericardial effusion. Important clinical associations include: Idiopathic or viral pericarditis…

…or sleep disordered breathing Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease Group 5: PH with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms PAH…

…Table 1. Causes of aortic regurgitation Bicuspid aortic valve Rheumatic heart disease Calcified aortic valves Idiopathic aortic dilatation (aneurysm) Hypertension Aortic dissection, proximal Marfan syndrome…

…populations [14] . Non ischemic etiologies encompass a highly heterogeneous group of disorders. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is frequently diagnosed when ischemic, valvular, and hypertensive causes…

…disease . Less common causes are arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/ARVD), Brugada syndrome , long QT syndrome , sarcoidosis , Prinzmetal's angina (coronary vasospasm), electrolyte disorders…