…Conventional thoracic X ray sometimes reveals calcification of the pericardium. With MRI or CT, the thickness of the pericardium can be measured and in most…

…the term dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in life…

…is the time to antibiotics that saves the patient — the puncture must never delay it. Indications Suspected meningitis or encephalitis. Suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage with a…

…Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) Metabolic disorders Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia Starvation Anorexia…

…al it was reported that early repolarization was associated with 3–5 times as great a risk of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest…

…arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and rheumatic fever. Aortic dissection rupturing into the pericardium. Idiopathic pericardial effusion. Renal failure, hypothyroidism, and hypercholesterolemia. Dressler syndrome. Iatrogenic…

…results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome…

…Pressure gradient and pressure half time (PHT) are also estimated using continuous Doppler. A dense regurgitant jet with rapid deceleration (short PHT) is suggestive of…

…activation. PMVT is frequently associated with acute myocardial ischemia, electrolyte derangements, or underlying channelopathies (e.g., Torsades de Pointes in Long QT Syndrome) [1] . Underlying…

…circulatory collapse. Slowly accumulating effusions may produce a large pericardial collection with initially limited symptoms because the pericardium has had time to adapt. Hypotension and…

…and acquired factors may interact in its development. PAH may be idiopathic, heritable, drug associated, or associated with conditions such as systemic sclerosis, HIV infection…

…in aortic regurgitation 2D Echocardiography The images are acquired in PLAX (parasternal long axis view) and PSAX (parasternal short axis view), with the valve zoomed…

…HF is approximately 1–2% in the general adult population, but this figure rises steeply with age, exceeding 10% in individuals over 70 years [48…

…long QT syndrome , sarcoidosis , Prinzmetal's angina (coronary vasospasm), electrolyte disorders , congenital heart disease and catecholamine induced ventricular tachycardia . The vast majority of patients with…