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Lumbar puncture

…a reduced level of consciousness, focal neurological signs or seizures — because the delay costs more than the scan contributes. Only clinical signs of herniation halt…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…Conventional thoracic X ray sometimes reveals calcification of the pericardium. With MRI or CT, the thickness of the pericardium can be measured and in most…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in life and a family history of heart…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…Classified as QT prolonging drug in DrugBank. No data on QT prolongation or risk of torsade de pointes in PubMed. GnRH Antagonist Cancer (prostate) Synthetic…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…sudden cardiac arrest due to idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. The combination of early repolarization pattern on ECG and ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac arrest is referred…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…Idiopathic pericardial effusion. Renal failure, hypothyroidism, and hypercholesterolemia. Dressler syndrome. Iatrogenic damage to the pericardium. Irradiation. Trauma. The most common cause of pericardial effusion is…

Mitral regurgitation

…Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome), osteogenesis imperfecta typically causes prolapse of P2 (Figure 1…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…disease Tetralogy of Fallot Marfan syndrome Takayasu's arteritis Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates. Furthermore, it critically examines the diagnostic algorithms for wide complex tachycardia (WCT), the acute management of…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…Tamponade shares the causes of pericardial effusion. Important clinical associations include: Idiopathic or viral pericarditis Malignant pericardial disease Tuberculosis Purulent or bacterial pericarditis Trauma Cardiac…

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