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Lumbar puncture

…a reduced level of consciousness, focal neurological signs or seizures — because the delay costs more than the scan contributes. Only clinical signs of herniation halt…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…normally, there is more room for the right ventricle, the filling of which increases and the septum bulges into the left ventricle. During exhalation, the…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in life and a family history of heart…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…Classified as QT prolonging drug in DrugBank. No data on QT prolongation or risk of torsade de pointes in PubMed. GnRH Antagonist Cancer (prostate) Synthetic…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…sudden cardiac arrest due to idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. The combination of early repolarization pattern on ECG and ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac arrest is referred…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…Idiopathic pericardial effusion. Renal failure, hypothyroidism, and hypercholesterolemia. Dressler syndrome. Iatrogenic damage to the pericardium. Irradiation. Trauma. The most common cause of pericardial effusion is…

Mitral regurgitation

…Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome), osteogenesis imperfecta typically causes prolapse of P2 (Figure 1…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…disease Tetralogy of Fallot Marfan syndrome Takayasu's arteritis Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…asymptomatic, NSVT serves as a critical marker of arrhythmogenic risk, particularly in the setting of ischemic heart disease or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…mass. Tamponade occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure. The haemodynamic consequences are progressive impairment of right and left sided filling, reduced…

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