…the result of chronic inflammation of the pericardium. In principle, all causes of pericarditis can result in constrictive pericarditis. In high income countries, idiopathic pericarditis…

…classification also recognizes vasoreactivity subgroups among patients with idiopathic PAH, including acute responders and non responders. Left heart disease is the most common risk factor…

…supply from one coronary artery (Coronary arteries). Chronic myocardial ischemia may also lead to left ventricular dilation, which is referred to as ischemic cardiomyopathy (Dilated…

…Chronic aortic regurgitation If aortic regurgitation develops gradually, then the ventricle will adapt to the volume overload. Unfortunately, adaptation implies that the left ventricle dilates…

…However, the term dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in…

…the chin on the chest, and the shoulders and hips stacked vertically. The back must be flexed like a bow — it is that flexion that…

…conditions Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) Metabolic disorders Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia Starvation…

…overturned in 2008 when Haïssaguerre et al reported a strong association between the early repolarization pattern and sudden cardiac arrest due to idiopathic ventricular fibrillation…

…arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and rheumatic fever. Aortic dissection rupturing into the pericardium. Idiopathic pericardial effusion. Renal failure, hypothyroidism, and hypercholesterolemia. Dressler syndrome. Iatrogenic…

…Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results in right ventricular volume overload…