…Since the left ventricle is not filled normally, there is more room for the right ventricle, the filling of which increases and the septum bulges…

…most common risk factor for PH. It produces postcapillary PH through elevation of left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure. In some patients, chronic postcapillary pr

…pulmonary circulation and cause pulmonary edema. Also, left ventricular exhaustion results in diminished cardiac output, potential hypotension and cardiogenic shock. Chronic mitral regurgitation Chronic mitral…

…and trauma . Chronic aortic regurgitation If aortic regurgitation develops gradually, then the ventricle will adapt to the volume overload. Unfortunately, adaptation implies that the left…

…defines the condition as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy . Echocardiography in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) In dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), both ventricles are dilated and left ventricular systolic function…

…carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation of dementia with biomarkers (amyloid, tau, phospho tau). Measurement of the opening pressure in suspected idiopathic intracranial…

…Medical conditions Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) Metabolic disorders Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia…

…al it was reported that early repolarization was associated with 3–5 times as great a risk of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest…

…systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and rheumatic fever. Aortic dissection rupturing into the pericardium. Idiopathic pericardial effusion. Renal failure, hypothyroidism, and hypercholesterolemia. Dressler syndrome. Iatrogenic damage…

…the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results in right ventricular volume overload, which gradually causes right ventricular failure. The ventricle and RVOT …

…and clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates…

…left ventricular stroke volume produces an exaggerated inspiratory fall in systemic systolic blood pressure, termed pulsus paradoxus. Tamponade is therefore characterized haemodynamically by elevation and…

…ischemic etiologies encompass a highly heterogeneous group of disorders. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is frequently diagnosed when ischemic, valvular, and hypertensive causes are excluded. However…

…electrical instability which explains why ventricular tachycardia may progress to ventricular fibrillation. Left untreated, ventricular fibrillation leads to asystole and cardiac arrest. All healthcare providers…