…is due to the vulnerability caused by marked local differences in repolarization. This article is part of the comprehensive chapter: How to read and interpret…

…sensitivity to digitalis related arrhythmias. The clinician must evaluate for the presence of worsening renal function, advanced age, hypokalemia, chronic lung disease, hypothyroidism, and amyloidosis…

…QRS complexes vary from one beat to another (in the same lead). This is due to the swinging back and forth of the heart in…

…likely due to drug side effects, it is necessary to weigh the risk of terminating the medication as compared with implanting a permanent pacemaker and…

…and nervousness. This is due to altered tone in the autonomic nervous system, with increased sympathetic input (leading to stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors) and…

…is too often discovered first at hospital admission due to its complications (stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure, dyspnea). Most individuals, however, do experience symptoms and th

…exercise ECG Aortic dissection – due to risk of progression and rupture. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 48 hours – due to the risk of aggravating the…

…These age variations in heart rate are due to variations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system and changes in the automaticity of the…

…to left heart disease Group 3: PH due to chronic lung disease, hypoxia, or sleep disordered breathing Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and…

…Abretone, Abirapro Several cases of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes reported to the FDA in postmarketing studies. Anti androgen Cancer (Prostate) Abiraterone is an…

…the nocebo effect : negative expectations, contextual cues and attribution of pre existing symptoms to the medication. No single diagnostic test can distinguish a pharmacological SAMS…

…sinus node dysfunction occur after tachyarrhythmia; the combination of tachyarrhythmia and sinus node dysfunction is referred to as tachy brady syndrome . Neurocardiogenic syndrome (which includes…

…Atrial flutter, which often converts at low energy and is difficult to terminate pharmacologically. Ectopic atrial tachycardia or SVT that has not been terminated by…

…to cooperate Resting hypertension with systolic or diastolic blood pressures 200/110 mmHg Uncorrected medical conditions, such as significant anemia, important electrolyte imbalance, and hyperthyroidism…