…technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination must be preceded by information about each step, take place with the patient's ongoing…

…chemistry & laboratory medicine Emergency medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiological Basis High sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs cTn) assays detect circulating troponin released from…

…therefore requires individualized balancing of ischemic and bleeding hazards. High bleeding risk (HBR) should be assessed in a structured manner. Within the ARC HBR framework…

Initial Focus: High potency statin therapy is foundational unless contraindicated. Combination Therapy: Ezetimibe is the next step if LDL C targets are not met with…

Hydralazine Hydralazine is not preferred for hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ®…

…chemistry & laboratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Apolipoprotein B (apoB) and non high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non HDL C) are complementary measures of atherogenic lipoprotein burden…

…Mitral regurgitation Causes of mitral regurgitation The most common cause of mitral regurgitation in high income countries is age related degeneration of the valvular apparatus…

…hyperactivity Up to 5 to 7 days, sometimes longer Persisting withdrawal, particularly after previous severe episodes, with concurrent physical illness or after prolonged very high…

…< 120 and < 80 Normal 120–129 and/or 80–84 High normal 130–139 and/or 85–89 Grade 1 hypertension 140–159…

…recovery. A patient who stops at a low workload with a fall in blood pressure is a high risk patient even with normal ST segments…