…Scars, hernia or visible abdominal wall collaterals (caput medusae) Puncture at least a few centimetres away from them Full bladder Have the patient void, or…

…drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in assessment before shunt surgery. Contraindications Clinical signs of herniation — deep unconsciousness with unreactive pupils, an altered breathing pattern…

…failure or respiratory arrest Clinical signs of raised intracranial pressure or impending herniation Moderately severe symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness…

…whereas fixed, dilated pupils can signal severe global ischemia or even herniation of the brain stem. Physiological Basis of the Pupillary Reflex in Cardiac Arrest…

…reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia does not cause cardiac arrest…

…Hatala, R., Hindricks, G., Kirchhof, P., Kjeldsen, K., Kuck, K. H., Hernandez Madrid, A., Nikolaou, N., Norekvål, T. M., Spaulding, C., & Van Veldhuisen, D. J…

…Hatala, R., Hindricks, G., Kirchhof, P., Kjeldsen, K., Kuck, K. H., Hernandez Madrid, A., Nikolaou, N., Norekvål, T. M., Spaulding, C., & Van Veldhuisen, D. J…