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Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

Echocardiography Cardiac thromboembolism Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death worldwide (1). Emboli originating in the atria, left atrial appendage (LAA), ventricles, valves, and proximal…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…uterus should be manually displaced to the woman's left side (Figure 1). Additional offloading of the vena cava can be accomplished using a wedge…

Cardiac tamponade causing cardiac arrest

…DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR in hemorrhagic shock, a dog model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 81:27 33 …

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…the left atrial appendage (LAA). The LAA is a highly trabeculated, windsock like embryonic remnant that exhibits uniquely low flow velocities during the loss of…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…followed by disruption of the intima. Intramural haematoma differs from classic dissection because haemorrhage occurs within the media without imaging evidence of an intimal tear…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…with or without left ventricular hypertrophy. Among patients with NSTE ACS undergoing angiography, approximately 10% have no critical epicardial stenosis. In some of these patients…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…saccular aneurysm. Symptomatic isolated lesions may represent early periulcer haemorrhage or developing IMH and carry greater risk of progression or rupture than asymptomatic lesions. Predisposing…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…target organ damage. Common manifestations are hypertensive encephalopathy, intracerebral haemorrhage, acute coronary syndrome, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema, acute aortic syndrome, acute kidney…

Cardiac tumors

…smooth surface and a nucleus that often exhibits cavities, which consist of hemorrhages in the tumor. Polypoid myxoma usually causes haemodynamic complications due to obstruction…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…a large bore cannula in a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk of rapid deterioration. Intraosseous access: Cardiac arrest where venous access…

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