…addressing reversible etiologies takes precedence over chest compressions. If trauma is not definitively established as the cause of cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be…

…such as gastrointestinal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Severely impaired liver function classified as Child Pugh Class C…

…strokes are caused by cardiac embolism. This figure does not include paradoxical embolism (discussed below) and emboli from the proximal aorta. Stroke and TIA (Transient…

…higher indicates high risk of major bleeding Note that a high HAS BLED score should not be used as a reason to withhold anticoagulation therapy…

…as standard, and defibrillation energy levels should remain consistent with those used for non pregnant adults. The fetus is not harmed by defibrillation, amiodarone, or…

…Consequently, a proximal dissection can result in hemorrhage within the pericardium. Ventricular rupture : A transmural infarction can cause a rupture in the left ventricular free…

…remains the meticulous application of anticoagulant therapies, balancing the imperative of stroke prevention against the inherent risks of iatrogenic hemorrhage. ECG recordings of atrial fibrillation…

…Obstetric haemorrhage of around 1,500 mL or more with continuing bleeding, or a smaller measured blood loss if there is physiological compromise. Do not…

…haemoglobin — haemoglobin falls late in acute haemorrhage and a normal value does not exclude significant blood loss. Massive haemorrhage meeting the criteria for activation of…

Procedurer In acute circulatory failure it is not the number of cannulae that matters but the flow per unit time . A large bore, short cannula…