…the donor's organs are maintained physiologically for as long as the assessment takes. The task of the health service is to give effect to…

…one of the most common symptoms in the emergency department, as well as in primary health care. The cause (etiology) of chest pain varies according…

…for a standardized global definition led to early efforts by the World Health Organization in the mid 20th century, relying primarily on electrocardiographic criteria for…

…haemodynamic compromise and rhythm disturbance. The source material does not provide a specific examination profile or diagnostic physical signs for LMCAD. Diagnostic Assessment Coronary angiography…

…arrhythmia is a normal finding among young and healthy individuals. It is generally not a normal finding among older individuals and might necessitate further examination…

…from injured cardiomyocytes at substantially lower concentrations than earlier generation assays. They can identify troponin concentrations in approximately 50–95% of healthy individuals, whereas sensitive…

…reduced absorption and, in selected cases, enhanced elimination. For many poisonings, well delivered supportive treatment matters more than the antidote [1,2]. Telephone your national…

…periods of rapid ventricular rate (Table 1). Children and healthy adults may also develop tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (Gopinnathair et al). Long term prognosis is excellent…

…60 minutes after ingestion. Elimination follows zero order kinetics at low to moderate concentrations and first order kinetics at higher concentrations. Ethanol is water soluble…

Echocardiography Heart failure Heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been…

Cardiology Heart failure Heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been…

…the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The individual and public health effects of hypertension are devastating. Due to the simplicity of diagnosing hypertension…

…Continous medical discussion: the ECG blog Infectious diseases Cardiovascular effects of COVID 19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has caused a global public health crisis…

…practice as those older than 75 years, are not a homogeneous population: biological age, frailty, multimorbidity, sarcopenia, cognitive function, functional capacity, and health related quality…

…pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by abnormalities of renal structure or function that persist for more than 3 months and have health implications…

…the overall combinations of foods habitually consumed rather than isolated nutrients considered independently. For cardiometabolic health, the most favourable patterns generally contain more minimally processed…

…tool for body composition, risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and specific cancers. BMI and cardiovascular outcomes High BMI is associated with several health…

…disease, one in five for heart failure and one in five for stroke. Sex and gender are distinct but interacting determinants of cardiovascular health. Sex…

…medicine. These therapies are revolutionizing public health strategies, transcending their original roles as glucose lowering agents to become essential tools for cardiovascular risk reduction, offering…

…useful for screening and population level risk estimation, but it does not characterize body composition, fat distribution, skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness or individual health…

…for revascularization is angina that remains refractory despite medical therapy when significant stenoses are anatomically or physiologically suitable for treatment. Revascularization improves angina related health…

…because enjoyable and convenient activities are more likely to be maintained. For older adults, an achievable programme should incorporate four domains: Aerobic activity Strength training…

…diet, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Additional considerations include psychosocial stress, obstructive sleep apnoea, social determinants of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and frailty…

…also improves vascular health and may reduce cardiovascular risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged…

…Indeed, the majority of the victims were healthy and tragically killed by a sudden and random electrical event. An excerpt from the article follows: [...] Of…

…ranging from health screening to assessment of symptoms after coronary artery bypass surgery. Traditionally, the most common indication for exercise stress testing has been the…

…Biological death usually occurs within minutes thereafter; survival is highly unlikely after 8–10 minutes of no flow (i.e. cardiac arrest without any circulation)…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…to national death certificates and electronic health records, and asked whether it could isolate a clinically actionable high risk group for SCD — one defined entirely…

…sudden cardiac death Hence, the Brugada syndrome is a highly malignant disorder that must be recognized by any health care provider. A family history of…

…recent meta analysis showed that survival to hospital discharge is 8.8% and survival to 30 days is 10.7% in out of hospital cardiac…

…in a healthy person and the probability is around 46 % that at least one will fall outside. The ranges below are guide values for adults…

…for loop drainage. Gauze, absorbent dressing. Local anaesthesia works poorly in inflamed tissue — the acidic environment inactivates the anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy…

…atrial flutter. As compared with several other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, atrial flutter does not occur among otherwise healthy individuals. Atrial flutter causes characteristic ECG changes, as…

…from children to the elderly, and frequently occurs in otherwise healthy individuals. The arrhythmia is characterized by its abrupt onset and termination and typically presents…

…of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the…

…concentrated potassium, cytotoxic drugs, parenteral nutrition. The need for several simultaneous, incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter…

[calc_mdrd] The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation for estimating the Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is: eGFR = 175 × (Scr)^ 1…

…aged ≥70 years. SCORE2 OP accounts for the competing risk of death from non cardiovascular causes, an important consideration in older populations. Risk prediction is…

…cTnI and cTnT are specific to cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac troponin levels are extremely low in healthy subjects; the 99 th percentile is less than…

…EF (%) = [(EDV ESV)/EDV]·100 Normal values for ejection fraction (EF) Studies in healthy individuals suggest that the mean ejection fraction is 63% to…

…predictors of adverse outcomes. Non acute or asymptomatic bradycardia Non acute bradycardia is a common finding in both healthy and diseased individuals. Asymptomatic bradycardia may…

…for regadenoson toxicity. Adenosine and regadenoson work primarily by activating A2A adenosine receptors, which leads to coronary vasodilation. This effect is more pronounced in healthy…

…non invasive technique for detecting and quantifying coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual and numerical insights into myocardial blood flow under rest and stress…

…causes & management Definition of sinus bradycardia Sinus bradycardia fulfills the criteria for sinus rhythm but the heart rate is slower than 50 beats per minute…

…is located slightly more apically (<0.8 mm / m 2 BSA [body surface area]). Approximately 85% 90% of healthy individuals in the general population exhibit…

…assessment [1]. Treat immediately when there are symptoms and a low glucose. Do not wait for the venous laboratory result. 1. Assess and stabilise the…

…HIPA test) for HIT have been reported in patients taking ticagrelor. This is related to ticagrelor inhibiting the P2Y12 receptor on healthy donor platelets in…

…Across the updated systematic review, absolute reductions in major ASCVD events ranged from 0.8% to 2.5%. In people with a 10 year cardiovascular…

…min from rest to exercise. This response is age dependent and may rarely occur in healthy people older than 60 years. The abnormal slope does…

…refractory – the impulse might be blocked. This is a frequent finding among healthy individuals and in those with heart disease. If such aberration occurs at…

…all Western countries. According to a Cochrane review, for every 10,000 apparently healthy newborn infants, around six will have critical CHD, and the pulse…

…99th percentile in a healthy population. Troponin levels higher than the 99th percentile of a normal population are considered elevated (abnormal). Criteria for elevated troponins:…

…light exertion 8 9 Very light exertion For a healthy person, 9 is equivalent to walking slowly at his or her own pace for some…

…01 to 0.04 seconds). ECG criteria for left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) Electrical axis between 45° to 90°. If the electrical axis is 30°…

…1). Click to zoom. ECG criteria for first degree AV block PR interval ≥0,22 s. All P waves are followed by QRS complexes. First…

…is the same. The sinoatrial (SA) node is the heart’s pacemaker under normal circumstances and the rhythm is referred to as sinus rhythm. Hence…

…younger healthy individuals (particularly during sleep). It is also common among athletes due to their high vagal tone. It is more common in older individuals…

…They occur in young, old, healthy and diseased individuals. For example, roughly 90% of males aged <30 years display concave ST segment elevations in leads…